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Flexibility Options in Electricity Systems
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This filmed presentation summarizes a 2014 report from Ecofys. The first half of the video discusses the grid operation challenges that arise with high penetrations of variable RE. The second half of the video describes the various technical, regulatory, and market options for improving flexibility of the grid over the short-, medium-, and long-term. The Ecofys report includes factsheets on the following topics: Active Power Control (pg. 19), Demand Management in Industrial Installations and in Services and Households (pgs. 21-22), Electric Vehicles (pg. 23), Compressed Air Storage (pg. 27), Fly Wheels (pg. 28), and Batteries (pg. 29).
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Topics & Resources
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Ancillary Services
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Ancillary Services folder
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Energy Storage Requirements for Achieving 50% Solar Photovoltaic Energy Penetration in California
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This report estimates the storage required to enable PV penetration up to 50% in California (with renewable penetration over 66%), and quantifies the complex relationships among storage, PV penetration, grid flexibility, and PV costs due to increased curtailment. The authors find that storage needs depend strongly on the amount of other flexibility resources deployed. With very low-cost PV (three cents per kilowatt-hour) and a highly flexible electric power system, about 19 gigawatts of energy storage could enable 50% PV penetration with a marginal net PV levelized cost of energy (LCOE) comparable to the variable costs of future combined-cycle gas generators under carbon constraints.
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Topics & Resources
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Demand Response and Storage
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Demand Response and Storage Folder
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2013 Assessment of Demand Response and Advanced Metering: Staff Report
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This is the 8th annual report from the United States Department of Energy’s Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) on demand response and advanced metering in the United States, based on publicly available information and interviews with market participants and industry partners. The assessment reviews penetration rates of advanced metering and communications technologies; existing demand response and time-based rate programs; annual resource contributions from demand resources; the potential for demand response as a quantifiable, reliable resource for regional planning; steps that have been taken in regional transmission planning and operations to ensure demand resources are provided equitable treatment as a quantifiable, reliable resource; and regulatory barriers to improved customer participation in demand response programs.
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Demand Response and Storage
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Demand Response and Storage Folder
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Market and Policy Barriers to Energy Storage Deployment
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This report details the barriers that restrict the deployment of energy storage technologies in the United States. The findings are based on interviews with stakeholders and review of regulatory filings in four regions roughly representative of the country. The report suggests that while high capital costs remain a barrier to energy storage, deployment is also impacted by regulatory, market (economic), utility and developer business model, cross-cutting, and technology barriers.
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Demand Response and Storage
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Demand Response and Storage Folder
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Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E) SmartRate: Product Design Converges on Customer Experience
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This case study is based on interviews with PG&E (a California utility) and explores the institutional circumstances surrounding the implementation of PG&E’s SmartRate™ dynamic rate program. The case study focuses on implementation and procedural challenges, reactions and perceptions of stakeholders involved, and lessons learned. The case study is not intended to evaluate the program but offers insight into the internal workings, attitudes, and relationships of a utility successfully implementing a demand response program.
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Topics & Resources
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Demand Response and Storage
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Demand Response and Storage Folder
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Distributed Solar PV for Electricity System Resiliency: Policy and Regulatory Considerations
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To enable distributed PV that can supply electricity during grid outages, this paper presents approaches specifically to support resiliency through design of PV systems utilizing storage technologies, community energy storage, solar-diesel hybrid systems, and micro-grids. The paper also considers policies and regulations to support distributed PV that contributes to resiliency.
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Distributed Generation
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Distributed Generation folder
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Standard for Integrating Distributed Resources with Electric Power System – IEEE 1547
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Standard IEEE 1547 is an example of an interconnection standard (commonly used in North American power systems) providing technical rules for interconnecting distributed generation resources with the electric grid. The standard’s guide introduces the background and rationale for the technical requirements, facilitates use of the standard by characterizing distributed resource technologies and related interconnection issues, and provides approaches and information to support interconnection and implementation. The standard was updated in 2014 with an amendment providing existing information on voltage, voltage regulation, and frequency.
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Distributed Generation
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Distributed Generation folder
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Quantifying the Value of Hydropower in the Electric Grid: Final Report
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This report summarizes a three-year, U.S. Department of Energy commissioned study that assesses the value of hydropower to the U.S. power system for both pumped and traditional plants. The report includes an assessment of the current market structures and costs and ways to increase the value of hydropower.
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Flexible Generation
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Flexible Generation folder
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Co-optimizing Energy and Ancillary Services from Energy Limited Hydro and Pumped Storage Plants
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This document explores the benefits of expanding co-optimization of energy and ancillary services to hydropower. The author builds off of practices currently enacted for conventional generators and demonstrates that co-optimization improves the economics of hydropower plants.
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Flexible Generation
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Flexible Generation folder
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Hydropower in Europe: Powering Renewables
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The report includes both a broader look at the European hydropower market as well as detailed flexibility case studies in the Nordic power system, Austria, Poland, Norway, Germany, Switzerland and Ireland.
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Topics & Resources
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Flexible Generation
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Flexible Generation folder
